{"id":3636,"date":"2025-03-27T00:24:18","date_gmt":"2025-03-26T21:24:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/?p=3636"},"modified":"2025-03-27T00:24:18","modified_gmt":"2025-03-26T21:24:18","slug":"nokra-hypodermosis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/?p=3636","title":{"rendered":"NOKRA (HYPODERMOS\u0130S)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Hipodermozis, hypoderma bovis taraf\u0131ndan meydana getirilen, s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlarda a\u011f\u0131r genel durum bozukluklar\u0131 ve et, s\u00fct, deri gibi ekonomik kay\u0131plara sebep olan, seyrekte olsa atlarda, koyunlarda, ke\u00e7ilerde ve insanlarda g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Etiyolojisi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

   Eri\u015fkin sineklerin genel g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fleri ar\u0131ya benzemektedir. Hypoderma bovis 15 mm, hypoderma lineatum 13 mm boyundad\u0131r. Abdomen sar\u0131 ve ya portakal renginde olup, ortas\u0131nda siyah t\u00fcylerden olu\u015fmu\u015f geni\u015f bir bant bulunmaktad\u0131r. Hypoderma larvalar\u0131 2.5-3 cm boyunda olup, deriden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kirli beyaz renktedir. Zamanla larvalar\u0131n rengi kahverengiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Hypoderma larvalar\u0131 \u00f6n tarafa do\u011fru incelmekte ve f\u0131\u00e7\u0131ya benzemektedir. Larvalarda bulunan segmentlerin \u00e7o\u011funda dikenler bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Biyolojisi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

   Eri\u015fkin sinekler yaz aylar\u0131nda aktivite g\u00f6stermektedir. Di\u015filer yumurtalar\u0131n\u0131 hayvan\u0131n k\u0131llar\u0131 \u00fczerine b\u0131rakmaktad\u0131r. Birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde larvalar\u0131n yumurtadan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131 bildirilmi\u015ftir. K\u0131llardan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 inerekderiyi delen larvalar, g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. \u0130lk olarak diyaframa ula\u015fan larvalar, sonbahar\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan sonra k\u0131\u015f bekleme yerlerine ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Larvalar\u0131n bu dokulara ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n 4-5 ay s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bildirilmi\u015ftir. Larva-2 formuna ge\u00e7en parazitler \u015fubat ve mart aylar\u0131nda tekrar g\u00f6\u00e7e ba\u015flamakta ve s\u0131rt derisi alt\u0131na ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00f6nem larvalar (L3) s\u0131rt derisi alt\u0131nda \u015fi\u015flikler olu\u015fturup, deriyi delmekte ve stigmalar\u0131n\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kararak solunum yapmaktad\u0131r. Parazitlerin s\u0131rt derisi alt\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 4 hafta bekledi\u011fi bildirilmi\u015ftir. Hypoderma bovis may\u0131s-haziran, hypoderma lineatum  nisan-may\u0131s aylar\u0131nda topra\u011fa d\u00fc\u015ferek pupa haline gelmektedir. 4-5 hafta sonra eri\u015fkin sinekler \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flamakta ve 24 saat i\u00e7inde \u00e7iftle\u015fen sinekler, \u00e7iftle\u015ftikten 25-30 dakika sonra yumurtlamaktad\u0131r. Ergin sineklerin \u00f6m\u00fcrleri 1-2 hafta kadard\u0131r. Hypoderma spp. Biyolojisini yakla\u015f\u0131k bir y\u0131lda tamamlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Semptomlar:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

   Hipodermozisin anafilaktik \u015foka, toksemiye, sentral sinir sistem bozukluklar\u0131na, \u00f6zefagusun i\u015flevsel bozukluklar\u0131na, deride apselere ve flegmonlara yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131, verim kay\u0131plar\u0131yla birlikte derinin ekonumik de\u011ferini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc belirtilmi\u015ftir. Hypoderma bovis \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 seslerle merada otlayan hayvanlara rahats\u0131zl\u0131k vermektedir. Pani\u011fe kap\u0131lan hayvanlar a\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131k ve \u00e7al\u0131l\u0131k alanlara ka\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Bu hareketlenmeler travmalar olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

   Hypoderma bovis larvalar\u0131n\u0131n spinal kanalda \u00f6lmesi sonucunda arka k\u0131s\u0131m fel\u00e7leri olu\u015fabilmektedir. Hypoderma lineatum larvalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zefagusta say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok olmas\u0131 veya \u00f6lmesi sonucunda ise kanal\u0131n t\u0131kanmas\u0131na ve meteorismusa sebep olabilmektedir. Larvalar\u0131n deri alt\u0131ndaki say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n fazla olmas\u0131 i\u015ftahs\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa ve verim kay\u0131plar\u0131na  yol a\u00e7abilir. L3\u2019lerin deride olu\u015fturdu\u011fu delikler, deri end\u00fcstrisinde telafi edilemez zararlar meydana getirmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Profilaksi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

   Eri\u015fkin sineklere kar\u015f\u0131 insektisit emdirilmi\u015f ayak bandlar\u0131 veya kulak plakalar\u0131 uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kal\u0131c\u0131 etkili insektisitlerin arka bacaklara p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclmesiyle de koruma sa\u011flanabilir. Sonbaharda ve ilkbaharda sistemik etkili ila\u00e7lar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 yeni jenerasyonlar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemektedir. Son y\u0131llarda in vitro ko\u015fullarda yeti\u015ftirilen larvalardan elde edilen antijen ekstratlar\u0131ndan rekombinant DNA a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131 elde edildi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Tedavi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

   Veteriner Hekiminize dan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131z!<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Kaynak:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Prof. Dr. Yusuf G\u00dcL (Gevi\u015f Getiren Hayvanlar\u0131n \u0130\u00e7 Hastal\u0131klar\u0131)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Hipodermozis, hypoderma bovis taraf\u0131ndan meydana getirilen, s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlarda a\u011f\u0131r genel durum bozukluklar\u0131 ve et, s\u00fct, deri gibi ekonomik kay\u0131plara sebep olan, seyrekte olsa atlarda, koyunlarda, ke\u00e7ilerde ve insanlarda g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. \u00a0\u00a0 Etiyolojisi:    Eri\u015fkin sineklerin genel g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fleri ar\u0131ya benzemektedir. Hypoderma bovis 15 mm, hypoderma lineatum 13 mm boyundad\u0131r. Abdomen sar\u0131 ve ya portakal renginde olup, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":3639,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[412,10],"tags":[786,572,808,807,806],"class_list":["post-3636","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-buyukbas","category-hasta","tag-bovis","tag-hastaligi","tag-hypoderma","tag-hypodermosis","tag-nokra"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3636","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3636"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3636\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3643,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3636\/revisions\/3643"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3639"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3636"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3636"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3636"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}