{"id":3192,"date":"2025-03-19T23:15:32","date_gmt":"2025-03-19T20:15:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/?p=3192"},"modified":"2025-03-19T23:15:32","modified_gmt":"2025-03-19T20:15:32","slug":"sigirlarda-sulama","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/?p=3192","title":{"rendered":"SI\u011eIRLARDA SULAMA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

S\u0131\u011f\u0131rlarda su eksikli\u011fi di\u011fer besin maddelerinin eksikli\u011fine g\u00f6re daha k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ve daha \u015fiddetli olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar ve hayvanlar bu durumdan \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde zarar g\u00f6r\u00fcrler. \u00c7iftlik hayvanlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde sa\u011fmal inekler v\u00fccut b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6re su gereksinimi en fazla olan hayvanlard\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u00fct\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k %85-87 kadar\u0131 sudan meydana gelmektedir. \u00d6te yandan su s\u0131\u011f\u0131r v\u00fccudunun %60-74 kadar l\u0131k k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

      S\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck su gereksinimleri hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, t\u00fcketilen yemlerin nitelik ve niceli\u011fi, hayvan\u0131n fizyolojik durumu gibi bir\u00e7ok etmene ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak hesaplamalarda de\u011fi\u015fik ya\u015f ve cinsiyetteki s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00e7izelgedeki de\u011ferler kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7izelge:<\/strong> S\u00fct tipi s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlarda g\u00fcnl\u00fck su t\u00fcketimi. x<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ya\u015f ( Hafta )<\/strong><\/td>Canl\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k xx<\/strong><\/td>Kondisyon<\/strong><\/td>Su t\u00fcketimi xx ( Litre )<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
4<\/td>51<\/td>Geli\u015fme<\/td>5,0-5,7<\/td><\/tr>
8<\/td>69<\/td>Geli\u015fme<\/td>6,0-7,6<\/td><\/tr>
12<\/td>93<\/td>Geli\u015fme<\/td>8,7-9,5<\/td><\/tr>
16<\/td>119<\/td>Geli\u015fme<\/td>11,7-13,0<\/td><\/tr>
20<\/td>148<\/td>Geli\u015fme<\/td>15,0-17,0<\/td><\/tr>
26<\/td>189<\/td>Geli\u015fme<\/td>17,1-22,7<\/td><\/tr>
60<\/td>354<\/td>Geli\u015fme<\/td>22,7-30,3<\/td><\/tr>
84<\/td>464<\/td>Gebe<\/td>30,3-37,8<\/td><\/tr>
1-2 Ya\u015f<\/td>454-545<\/td>Beside<\/td>30,3-34,1<\/td><\/tr>
2-8 Ya\u015f<\/td>545-726<\/td>Laktasyon da<\/td>37,8-94,6<\/td><\/tr>
2-8 Ya\u015f<\/td>545-726<\/td>Merada<\/td>17,0-34,1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

  Yukar\u0131da verilen tablonun ak\u0131lda tutulmas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Bu nedenle pratik olarak 1 ya\u015f\u0131na kadar s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck su gereksinimi canl\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %10\u2019u kadard\u0131r denilebilir. Bir ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlarda bu oran %6-8 kadard\u0131r. Ancak Laktasyon daki inekler i\u00e7in bu orana g\u00f6re bulunan rakama ine\u011fi g\u00fcnde verdi\u011fi su miktar\u0131 kadar bir ekleme yapmak gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  \u00d6rne\u011fin 600 kg canl\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131ktaki ve g\u00fcnde 30 litre s\u00fct veren bir ine\u011fin g\u00fcnl\u00fck su gereksinimi: ( 600 x 0.08 ) + 30= 78 lt dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  S\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde her zaman t\u00fcketime haz\u0131r su bulunmas\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck yarar vard\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir uygulama hayvanlardan en y\u00fcksek verimi elde edebilmenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra sulama i\u00e7in harcanacak zaman\u0131 da en aza indirir. \u00dclkemizdeki kapal\u0131 ba\u011fl\u0131 ah\u0131rlar\u0131n pek \u00e7o\u011funda bu olanak bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu ah\u0131rlarda sulama suyu genellikle g\u00fcnde iki defa yemli\u011fin i\u00e7ine sal\u0131nmak suretiyle verilmektedir. Az say\u0131da hayvan\u0131 olan baz\u0131 i\u015fletmelerde ise su kova ile hayvan\u0131n yan\u0131na getirilmekte veya hayvanlar tek tek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclerek k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir havuzdan sulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yemli\u011fe su al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli sak\u0131ncalar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bunlar;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) Yemli\u011fin i\u00e7i ne kadar iyi s\u00fcp\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrse s\u00fcp\u00fcr\u00fcls\u00fcn suyla birlikte bir miktar ince yemler ( bunlar\u0131n yeme kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan vitamin-mineral katk\u0131lar\u0131 olmas\u0131 ihtimali fazlad\u0131r ) ak\u0131p gitmektedir.
2) Suyun iyi drene edilmedi\u011fi ko\u015fullarda sulamadan sonra yemliklerle konan yemlerin yer yer fazla \u0131slanmas\u0131 sonucu bozulma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r.
3) Ek i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc gereksinimi vard\u0131r.
4) \u00d6zellikle s\u0131cak havalarda yem t\u00fcketimine kar\u015f\u0131 isteksizlik g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Bunun sonucu olarak da verimde gerileme ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  Serbest sistem ah\u0131rlarda sulaman\u0131n otomatik hale getirilmesi kolayd\u0131r ve b\u00fcy\u00fck masraf\u0131 gerektirmez. Bu ama\u00e7la ah\u0131r\u0131n uygun yerlerine ( \u00e7o\u011fu kez duvar i\u00e7lerine ) bir veya birka\u00e7 su yala\u011f\u0131 yapmak ve su d\u00fczeyini bir rezervuar \u015famand\u0131ras\u0131 ile denetime almak olanakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  Kapal\u0131 ba\u011fl\u0131 ah\u0131rlarda uygulanan otomatik suluk d\u00fczenekleri ise bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 \u015febeke suyuna do\u011frudan ba\u011fl\u0131 sistemler olabilece\u011fi gibi bile\u015fik kaplar kural\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan sistemlerde olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  Bu iki sistem birbiriyle \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6nlerden kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak olursa \u015fu yarar ve sak\u0131ncalar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) Sistem A n\u0131n ilk kurulu\u015f masraf\u0131 sistem B den olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksektir.
2) Sistem A n\u0131n nitelikli malzemeden \u00fcretilmedi\u011fi veya \u00fcretimde titizlik g\u00f6sterilmedi\u011fi takdirde s\u0131kl\u0131kla ar\u0131za yapar ( k\u0131r\u0131lmalar, paslanma, sifonun suyu tam olarak kesmemesi veya hayvan su i\u00e7erken yeterli debide su ge\u00e7irmemesi gibi ). Bunlar\u0131n sonucu olarak yemliklerin i\u00e7i suyla dolabilir veya akan su hayvan\u0131n yataca\u011f\u0131 yeri \u0131slatabilir. Her iki halde de ekonomik kay\u0131p s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fundan bu konu sistem A n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli sak\u0131ncas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  Sistem A su bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesinden daha \u00e7ok etkilenir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k sistem B bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015fmelerini daha kolay tolere edebilir. B\u00f6yle bir durum s\u00f6z konusu ise sistem B nin sabit seviye kab\u0131n\u0131n alan\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015f tutulmas\u0131nda yarar vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  Sistem B nin i\u00e7ine yem par\u00e7alar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmesi sonucu kirlenmesi ve bu yolla bir miktar yemin zayi olmas\u0131 sak\u0131ncas\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu nedenle 1-4 hafta aral\u0131klarla temizlenmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Sistem B de ana borunun eni az 1\u00b2 tercihen 1 1\/4\u00b2 \u00e7apta olmas\u0131 sulu\u011fa giri\u015f borular\u0131n\u0131n ise 3\/4\u00b2 veya 1\u00b2 olmas\u0131nda yarar vard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca ana boruya 6.5 metre de bir veya yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 de metre bir kalorifer rekoru tak\u0131lmas\u0131nda yarar vard\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece ana borunun herhangi bir nedenle t\u0131kanmas\u0131 durumunda bu rekorlar s\u00f6k\u00fclerek buradan k\u0131lavuz sokmak veya bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 su vermek suretiyle t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131k giderilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sistem B nin i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyi su s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz \u00e7imento ile \u00e7ok iyi \u015faplanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda giri\u015f borular\u0131n\u0131n sulukla birle\u015fme yerleri de s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz nitelikte olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  Sistem B nin en \u00f6nemli sak\u0131ncalar\u0131ndan biri de baz\u0131 hayvanlar\u0131n dilleri vas\u0131tas\u0131yla suyla oynamalar\u0131 sonucunda yemliklerin i\u00e7ini su doldurmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durum, suluk dizayn\u0131n\u0131n uygun tarzda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 veya b\u00f6yle hayvanlar\u0131n ( bir besi denemesinde %2-3 kadar olduklar\u0131 g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir ) yerlerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi hatta s\u00fcr\u00fcden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle k\u0131smen veya tamamen giderilebilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u0131\u011f\u0131rlarda su eksikli\u011fi di\u011fer besin maddelerinin eksikli\u011fine g\u00f6re daha k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ve daha \u015fiddetli olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar ve hayvanlar bu durumdan \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde zarar g\u00f6r\u00fcrler. \u00c7iftlik hayvanlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde sa\u011fmal inekler v\u00fccut b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6re su gereksinimi en fazla olan hayvanlard\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u00fct\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k %85-87 kadar\u0131 sudan meydana gelmektedir. \u00d6te yandan su s\u0131\u011f\u0131r v\u00fccudunun %60-74 kadar l\u0131k […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":3193,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[85,12],"tags":[95,77],"class_list":["post-3192","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hayvan","category-sigir","tag-sigir","tag-su"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3192","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3192"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3192\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3194,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3192\/revisions\/3194"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3193"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3192"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3192"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3192"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}