{"id":2685,"date":"2025-03-16T10:39:17","date_gmt":"2025-03-16T07:39:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/?p=2685"},"modified":"2025-03-16T10:39:18","modified_gmt":"2025-03-16T07:39:18","slug":"nosema-hastaligi-nosema-apis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/?p=2685","title":{"rendered":"NOSEMA HASTALI\u011eI (Nosema Apis)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Nosema hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, Nosema apis isminde ki h\u00fccre i\u00e7i bir parazit taraf\u0131ndan meydana getirilen ergin ar\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131ndan olup t\u00fcm ar\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7inde en yayg\u0131n olanlar\u0131ndan birisidir. Ar\u0131lar\u0131n sindirim sisteminde bozukluk yaparak verim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yol a\u00e7arak ekonomik kay\u0131plara neden olur. Bu hastal\u0131k ar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmleri de yapmaktad\u0131r. Rutubetli yerlerde ve mevsimlerde nosemosis’in g\u00f6r\u00fclme ihtimali daha fazlad\u0131r. Hastal\u0131kla genellikle yavrular\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkbahar mevsiminde g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Yaz mevsiminde ise g\u00f6r\u00fclme oran\u0131 azalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Parazit sporlar\u0131 bal, polen, su ile ar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131rsak h\u00fccrelerine girer. H\u0131zla \u00e7o\u011falarak girdikleri h\u00fccreyi patlat\u0131rlar. Parazit ba\u015fka ba\u011f\u0131rsak h\u00fccrelerine girerek \u00e7o\u011falarak \u00e7ok say\u0131da h\u00fccreye zarar verir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak bal ar\u0131s\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u0131dadan faydalanamaz hale gelir.    Parazit so\u011fu\u011fa olduk\u00e7a diren\u00e7li, s\u0131cak ve kurakl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 son derece duyarl\u0131d\u0131r. Spor, ar\u0131 d\u0131\u015fk\u0131s\u0131nda 2 y\u0131l, balda ve \u00f6l\u00fc ar\u0131da 1 y\u0131l, toprak da 44\u201371 g\u00fcn canl\u0131 kalabilmektedir<\/p>\n\n\n\n

   Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n bula\u015fmas\u0131nda, ergin ar\u0131lar\u0131n d\u0131\u015fk\u0131lar\u0131, kendileri, sular, hastal\u0131ktan \u00f6len ar\u0131lar, bula\u015f\u0131k bal, nektar, polenler, yabani ar\u0131lar, kovan i\u00e7ine girip \u00e7\u0131kan kar\u0131nca ve di\u011fer b\u00f6cekler, kovan temizli\u011finde kullan\u0131lan ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k malzemeleri, bula\u015f\u0131k petek ve \u00e7er\u00e7eveler \u00f6nemlidir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131, erkek ar\u0131 ve ana ar\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011fa yakalanabilir. Ar\u0131 larva ve pupalar\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011fa yakalanmazlar. Baz\u0131 ar\u0131 kolonileri parazit olsa dahi hastalanmayabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Anas\u0131z kalma, yetersiz beslenme, polen ve nektar kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n yetersiz kalmas\u0131, kalitesiz balla beslenme, hasta ana ar\u0131n\u0131n az yumurtlamas\u0131, kolonide varroa olmas\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u015fiddetini art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

   Hastal\u0131k \u00e7evre \u015fartlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak hafif ya da \u015fiddetli seyreder. Nosema hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fiddetli oldu\u011funda %100 \u00f6l\u00fcm yapabilir. Uzun s\u00fcren \u015fekli ise %10\u201330 meydana getirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

   Nosema hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 seyreden \u015fekli, bahar aylar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Her y\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyebilir. Peteklerde ishalden kaynaklanan kahverengi lekeler, kovan i\u00e7i ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kahverengi lekeler fark edilir. Bunlar ince kal\u0131n lekeler tarz\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu tip lekeler, g\u0131da ve \u00e7evreye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u015fekillenen ar\u0131n\u0131n dizanteri haliyle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir. Hasta ar\u0131lar\u0131n kar\u0131nlar\u0131 \u015fi\u015fkindir. Kovan \u00f6n\u00fcnde s\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcrler, u\u00e7amazlar ve kanatlar\u0131 iki yana a\u00e7\u0131k vaziyettedir.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u0130\u011fneleme refleksi yoktur. Ar\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fam s\u00fcreleri k\u0131sal\u0131r. Fel\u00e7 olan ar\u0131lar \u00f6l\u00fcrler. Ar\u0131lar d\u0131\u015fk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 uza\u011fa yapacak kadar bekleyemediklerinde kovan i\u00e7ine, \u00fczerine ve giri\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131rlar. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n uzun s\u00fcrmesi halinde kovanda gen\u00e7 ar\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 artmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n ergin ar\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131nda azalma vard\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131 tarlac\u0131k gibi hizmetlerde aksamalar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Kovanda yalanc\u0131 ana problemi \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Ana ar\u0131n\u0131n yumurta kalitesi azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tedavi:<\/strong> Fumagillin i\u00e7eren ila\u00e7lar kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130lkbahar d\u00f6neminde 1 hacim su + 1 hacim \u015feker <\/strong>olarak haz\u0131rlanan \u015furuba ortalama olarak litresine 20\u201325 <\/strong>mg fumagillin kat\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130lac\u0131n etkinli\u011fini kaybetmemesi i\u00e7in su kaynat\u0131l\u0131p, ocaktan indirildikten sonra \u015feker kat\u0131lmal\u0131, \u0131l\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra ila\u00e7 konularak eritilir. 1 kapak dolusu ila\u00e7 5 litreye kadar ya da 3,8 litreye 4,5 gr ( 1 \u00e7ay ka\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 dolusu )haz\u0131rlanan \u015furup 1 kez verilmesi yeterlidir. U\u00e7amayan ar\u0131lar olursa 2 hafta sonra tekrarlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Korunma:<\/strong> Hastal\u0131ktan korunmak i\u00e7in koloniler g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc tutulmal\u0131, polen ve nektar kaynaklar\u0131na zaman\u0131nda gitmeli, anas\u0131z, ya\u015fl\u0131 ya da verimsiz ana ar\u0131larla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lkbahar ve sonbahar bak\u0131m ve ila\u00e7lamalar\u0131 d\u00fczenli yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Hastal\u0131kl\u0131 ar\u0131 aileleri p\u00fcrm\u00fczle yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ya da kimyasal ila\u00e7larla dezenfekte edilmi\u015f kovanlara aktar\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Zay\u0131f ve anas\u0131z koloniler birle\u015ftirilirken hasta olmamalar\u0131na dikkat edilmelidir.  Kovanlar yerden 30\u201335 cm y\u00fcksekli\u011fe konulmal\u0131, havaland\u0131rman\u0131n kolay olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kovan hafif \u00f6ne do\u011fru meyilli olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nosema hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, Nosema apis isminde ki h\u00fccre i\u00e7i bir parazit taraf\u0131ndan meydana getirilen ergin ar\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131ndan olup t\u00fcm ar\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7inde en yayg\u0131n olanlar\u0131ndan birisidir. Ar\u0131lar\u0131n sindirim sisteminde bozukluk yaparak verim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yol a\u00e7arak ekonomik kay\u0131plara neden olur. Bu hastal\u0131k ar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmleri de yapmaktad\u0131r. Rutubetli yerlerde ve mevsimlerde nosemosis’in g\u00f6r\u00fclme ihtimali daha fazlad\u0131r. Hastal\u0131kla genellikle […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":2688,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[415,88,10,84],"tags":[612,128,572,611],"class_list":["post-2685","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arihas","category-ari","category-hasta","category-slider","tag-apis","tag-ari","tag-hastaligi","tag-nosema"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2685","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2685"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2685\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2689,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2685\/revisions\/2689"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2688"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2685"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2685"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2685"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}