{"id":2640,"date":"2025-01-14T16:51:21","date_gmt":"2025-01-14T13:51:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/?p=2640"},"modified":"2025-01-14T16:51:21","modified_gmt":"2025-01-14T13:51:21","slug":"enterotoksemi-clostridiose-celerme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/?p=2640","title":{"rendered":"ENTEROTOKSEM\u0130 (Clostridiose – \u00c7elerme)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

 Clostridium perfingens bakterilerinin toksinleri ile olu\u015fan koyun,kuzu ve gen\u00e7 buza\u011f\u0131larda \u00f6nemli kay\u0131plara yol a\u00e7an \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. \u00c7elerme, Ot, Yaprak, Yumu\u015fak B\u00f6brek Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, Ba\u011f\u0131rsak Zehirlenmesi olarak da bilinir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Etiyoloji<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

   Cl.Perfingens bakterisinin toksinleri hastal\u0131k olu\u015fturur.Bu bakterilerin,toksin tiplerine g\u00f6re A,B,C,D,E ve F olmak \u00fczere 6 tipi vard\u0131r.(hayvanlarda ilk d\u00f6rd\u00fc \u00f6nemlidir).Tip A toksinleri hayvanlarda az patajondir.Gen\u00e7 hayvanlarda Tip B,C ve D enterotoksemilerin ve hemorajik enteritlerin etkenidir.Bu anaerob bakteriler toprakta ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 hayvanlar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar\u0131nda saprofit olarak her zaman bulunur.Normal \u015fartlarda hastal\u0131k yapmazlar.Ancak bu etken fazla miktarda toksin sentezlerse ve toksinlerin i\u00e7 organlardan rezorbsiyonu artarsa hastal\u0131k olu\u015fturur.\u00d6zellikle ba\u011f\u0131rsak peristalti\u011finin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda (ani rasyon de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi,Rumen atonisi,rumenin fazla g\u0131da ile dolmas\u0131,protein ve karbonhidrat\u00e7a zengin kaba liften fakir yemlerle besleme bu besinlerden bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n sindirilmeden ba\u011f\u0131rsaklara ge\u00e7mesi) s\u00fcratle \u00e7o\u011falarak toksin \u00fcretirler.\u00c7ok iyi beslenen ve h\u0131zla geli\u015fen hayvanlarda hastal\u0131k daha \u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.Di\u011fer haz\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 sebepler aras\u0131nda \u00fc\u015f\u00fctme,hayvanlar\u0131n tah\u0131l tarlalar\u0131na s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi,parazitler say\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

 Patagenez<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Yemlerle birlikte al\u0131nan Cl.Perfingens bakterilerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Rumen ve abomasumda tahrip olur.Ancak ba\u011f\u0131rsak hareketlerinin yava\u015flamas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an durumlarda ince ba\u011f\u0131rsakta toksin birikir.Olu\u015fan toksinler permiabilitesi artm\u0131\u015f ba\u011f\u0131rsak mukozas\u0131ndan birden bire ve fazla miktarda emilir.Kana kar\u0131\u015fan toksinler akci\u011fer,beyin,b\u00f6brek, vs.organlarda patolojik de\u011fi\u015fikliklere yol a\u00e7ar.Ba\u011f\u0131rsaktaki toksinlerin lokal etkileri sonucu hemorajik yang\u0131 geli\u015fir,sulu ve muhatl\u0131 bir ishal \u015fekillenir.Toksinler n\u00f6rotoksik ve hematoksik olarak etki g\u00f6sterir.Toksinin karaci\u011fer ve b\u00f6brekleri tahribat\u0131 sonucu kan ve idrarda \u015feker miktar\u0131 artar,kapillar damarlar\u0131n tahribat\u0131yla beyinde perivazk\u00fcler \u00f6dem ve subakut kanamalar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Semptomlar<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0Cl. Perfringens tip A<\/u>:<\/strong> \u0130nsanlarda gazl\u0131 gangren, septisemi, g\u0131da zehirlenmeleri, koyun ve eri\u015fkin s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlarda ikterik enterotoksemi, eri\u015fkin koyun ke\u00e7i ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlarda nekrotik mastitit \u015fekillenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0Cl. Perfringens tip B<\/u>:<\/strong> 1-2 haftal\u0131k s\u00fct kuzular\u0131nda kuzu dizanterisi ile karakterize \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Enfeksiyondan birka\u00e7 saat sonra hayvan s\u00fct emmez ve ac\u0131 ac\u0131 meler, kar\u0131n \u00e7ekik ve a\u011fr\u0131ya duyarl\u0131d\u0131r. Kanl\u0131 ishal g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u015eiddetli enterit olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0Cl. Perfringens tip C:<\/strong> Genellikle 1-2 ya\u015flar\u0131ndaki besi durumlar\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi olan koyunlarda nekrotik enterit gen\u00e7 kuzu ve buza\u011f\u0131larda hemorajik enterokolitis e neden olur. Perakut seyreder. Ani yem de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, so\u011fuk ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ve kelebek invazyonlar\u0131 predispozioner olarak etki eder. Hastal\u0131k h\u0131zl\u0131 seyretti\u011finden semptomlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6l\u00fcmler g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0Cl. Perfringens tip D<\/u>:<\/strong> 1-2 ayl\u0131k s\u00fct kuzular\u0131 veya 6-12 ayl\u0131k besi kuzular\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen yeti\u015fkin koyun ve ke\u00e7ilerde de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yumu\u015fak b\u00f6brek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarakta ifade edilen klasik enterotoksemiye neden olur. Kuzular ve Toklular eri\u015fkinlere besi durumu iyi olanlar zay\u0131flara oranla daha duyarl\u0131d\u0131r. Tenya invazyonunun yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu s\u00fcr\u00fclerde \u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Hastal\u0131k \u00e7o\u011funlukla perakut seyreder. Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclen hayvan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra ah\u0131rda veya merada \u00f6l\u00fc bulunur. Semptomlar\u0131 izlenebilir perakut olaylarda hastal\u0131k z\u0131plama, d\u00f6nme, ba\u015f\u0131 arkaya atma, \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131nma hareketleri yaparak birka\u00e7 dakika i\u00e7inde \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6zlenir. V\u00fccut s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fckselir, idrarda \u015feker bulunur. Hastal\u0131k \u00f6zellikle ilkbahar yaz aylar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Otopsi<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0Sar\u0131l\u0131k, hemoglobinuri, b\u00f6brekte renk koyula\u015fmas\u0131, v\u00fccut bo\u015flu\u011funda kanl\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131 toplanmas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ba\u011f\u0131rsak i\u00e7eri\u011fi kanl\u0131 ve pis kokuludur. Yeni olaylarda ince ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar\u0131n gazla dolu oldu\u011fu tespit edilir. V\u00fccut bo\u015flu\u011funda kanl\u0131 ser\u00f6z s\u0131v\u0131 toplan\u0131r. Karaci\u011ferde \u015fi\u015fkinlik ve renk de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, b\u00f6breklerde yumu\u015fama ,akci\u011ferde hiperemi \u015fekillenir. Mezenteriyal lenf yumrular\u0131nda \u015fi\u015fme, epikard, endokard ve kar\u0131n kaslar\u0131nda hiperemi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tedavi ve Korunma<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

  Ani \u00f6l\u00fcmler nedeniyle tedaviye ge\u00e7 kal\u0131n\u0131r. Yeti\u015filen olaylarda geni\u015f spektrumla antibiyotikler, hiperimmun serumlar ve s\u00fcrg\u00fctler verilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u015f\u0131lama yapmak suretiyle hayvanlar hastal\u0131ktan korunabilir. \u0130lk kez a\u015f\u0131lanacak koyunlar ve kuzular 21 g\u00fcn ara ile 2 kez a\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r. Daha \u00f6nce a\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f koyunlar\u0131n bir kez a\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 yeterlidir. A\u015f\u0131lama ile buza\u011f\u0131larda hastal\u0131ktan korunur. Do\u011fumdan 2-3 ay \u00f6nce gebe ineklerin a\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 ile do\u011facak buza\u011f\u0131larda 3-5 haftal\u0131k bir ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 -Ani yem de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yapmamak ve fazla s\u00fctle beslemeden ka\u00e7\u0131nmak<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Hayvanlar\u0131n \u00f6nlerinde daima kaba yem bulundurmak<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Hasad\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f an\u0131z tarlar\u0131nda otlatmamak<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u0130\u00e7 parazitlerle m\u00fccadele etmek<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u0130yi ah\u0131r hijyeni<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Hayvanlara k\u00fcfl\u00fc ve bozuk g\u0131dalar verilemelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Hastal\u0131k \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yem ve meralar de\u011fi\u015ftirilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-En \u00f6nemlisi koruyucu a\u015f\u0131lama yapmak<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

 Clostridium perfingens bakterilerinin toksinleri ile olu\u015fan koyun,kuzu ve gen\u00e7 buza\u011f\u0131larda \u00f6nemli kay\u0131plara yol a\u00e7an \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. \u00c7elerme, Ot, Yaprak, Yumu\u015fak B\u00f6brek Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, Ba\u011f\u0131rsak Zehirlenmesi olarak da bilinir.   Etiyoloji    Cl.Perfingens bakterisinin toksinleri hastal\u0131k olu\u015fturur.Bu bakterilerin,toksin tiplerine g\u00f6re A,B,C,D,E ve F olmak \u00fczere 6 tipi vard\u0131r.(hayvanlarda ilk d\u00f6rd\u00fc \u00f6nemlidir).Tip A toksinleri hayvanlarda az patajondir.Gen\u00e7 hayvanlarda […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":2641,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[412,10,11,13,413,12,84],"tags":[593,592,591],"class_list":["post-2640","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-buyukbas","category-hasta","category-keci","category-koyun","category-kucukbas","category-sigir","category-slider","tag-celerme","tag-clostridiose","tag-enteretoksemi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2640","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2640"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2640\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2643,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2640\/revisions\/2643"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2641"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2640"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2640"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2640"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}