{"id":1387,"date":"2024-06-07T15:39:25","date_gmt":"2024-06-07T12:39:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/?p=1387"},"modified":"2024-06-07T15:39:26","modified_gmt":"2024-06-07T12:39:26","slug":"yumurta-tavukculugu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/?p=1387","title":{"rendered":"YUMURTA TAVUK\u00c7ULU\u011eU"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yumurta tavuk\u00e7ulu\u011fu pili\u00e7lerde 20.haftadan sonra k\u0131lavuz yumurta g\u00f6r\u00fclmesiyle ba\u015flar. Yumurta verimi 23. haftada %50 ye, 28-30 haftalar aras\u0131nda %90-93 l\u00fck verim seviyesine ula\u015f\u0131r. Bundan sonra yumurta verimi azalarak 72- 80 haftalar aras\u0131nda %60 dolay\u0131na iner ve ekonomikli\u011fini kaybeder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Ticari Yumurta \u00fcretiminde hedef<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tavuk ba\u015f\u0131na y\u0131lda 280-290 adet yumurta<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1 kg yumurta i\u00e7in 2.2 kg veya daha az yem t\u00fcketimi olmal\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yumurtlama k\u00fcmesinde y\u0131ll\u0131k %6 dan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131 olmal\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0130\u015fletmede %2 nin alt\u0131nda k\u0131r\u0131k yumurta olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/unnamed.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"293\" src=\"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/unnamed.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1334\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/unnamed.png 512w, https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/unnamed-300x172.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<strong>K\u00fcmes sistemleri:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp; Pili\u00e7ler 16. haftada yumurtlama k\u00fcmeslerine nakledilir. Pili\u00e7ler getirilmeden k\u00fcmes ve ekipmanlar, dezenfekte edilmelidir. Pili\u00e7lerin yumurtlama d\u00f6nemini ge\u00e7irecekleri k\u00fcmes sistemleri 3 \u015fekilde olabilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Yer sistemli (altl\u0131kl\u0131)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Izgara sistemli (1\/3 \u00fc veya 2\/3 \u00fc)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kafes sistemli<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Yer sistemli k\u00fcmesler (Altl\u0131kl\u0131):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp; Zemin betondur. \u00dczerine sap, saman, planya tala\u015f\u0131 serilir. Bunlar 7-10 cm kal\u0131nl\u0131kta yay\u0131l\u0131r. Yer k\u00fcmeslerinde yumurtlama d\u00f6nemi m2\u2019ye 6-7 tavuk hesap edilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/tavuk-artti.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/tavuk-artti-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1335\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/tavuk-artti-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/tavuk-artti-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/tavuk-artti-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/tavuk-artti.jpg 1366w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Izgara sistemli k\u00fcmesler (1\/3 \u00fc veya 2\/3 \u00fc):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp; K\u00fcmesin 1\/3 veya 2\/3 \u00fc \u0131zgaral\u0131 olur, gerisi yer sistemidir. Izgaralar yerden 40-50 cm y\u00fckseklikte olur. Tavuklar genellikle \u0131zgara \u00fczerinde dururlar. G\u00fcbreleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki g\u00fcbre \u00e7ukuruna d\u00fc\u015fer. Burada m2 ye 6-7 tavuk d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kafes sistemi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp; Kafes sistemi k\u00fcmesler \u00e7ok yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sistemde her tavuk i\u00e7in 400 cm2 ye 1 tavuk hesap edilir. Kafes g\u00f6zleri, kahverengi yumurtac\u0131larda 4, beyaz yumurtac\u0131larda 5 tavuk alacak geni\u015flikte olmal\u0131d\u0131r.. Kafes \u00f6n\u00fcnde 10 cm yem ve su i\u00e7me mesafesi b\u0131rak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<strong>Kafes sistemi avantajlar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp; Tavuklar kontrol edilebilir, yem kayb\u0131 azd\u0131r, altl\u0131\u011fa ihtiya\u00e7 yoktur, yere yumurtlama problemi olmaz. K\u00fcmes birim alanda daha fazla hayvan al\u0131r. Yumurtalar temiz olur, k\u0131r\u0131k ve \u00e7atlak oran\u0131 daha azd\u0131r. Yer sisteminde yumurta yeme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde artarken, kafes sisteminde daha azd\u0131r. Tavuklar gurk olmaz, fazla i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc gerekmez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<strong>Kafes sistemi dezavantajlar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp; Pahal\u0131 bir sistemdir. Kan lekeli yumurta oran\u0131 biraz fazlad\u0131r, g\u00fcbrelerin temizlenmesi sorun yarat\u0131r. Kafeste ya\u015fayan tavuklarda kafes yorgunlu\u011funu \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in rasyona vitamin takviyesi yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<strong>Folluklar:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp; 4-5 tavuk i\u00e7in bir folluk bulunur. K\u00fcmesin lo\u015f k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilir. Altl\u0131k olarak tala\u015f veya saman kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<strong>Suluk ve Yemlikler:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>75-100 tavuk i\u00e7in bir otomatik ask\u0131l\u0131 suluk kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Suluklar\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fi tavuklar\u0131n s\u0131rt hizas\u0131ndan 2-3 cm y\u00fcksekte olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Suluklarda daima temiz, taze ve yeterli su olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>25-30 tavu\u011fa bir yemlik hesaplan\u0131r. Yemlikte 1- 2 g\u00fcn yetecek yem bulundurulur. K\u00fcmese bir s\u0131ra suluk, bir s\u0131ra yemlik dizilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<strong>I\u015f\u0131k ihtiyac\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp; I\u015f\u0131k, yumurta verimini y\u00fckseltir. Bu d\u00f6nemde m2 ye 3 wattl\u0131k \u0131\u015f\u0131k yo\u011funlu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr. G\u00fcnl\u00fck \u0131\u015f\u0131k miktar\u0131 12-13 saatten yumurtlama d\u00f6neminde haftada yar\u0131m saat artt\u0131r\u0131larak 15-16 saate \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r ve bu \u015fekilde ayd\u0131nlatma s\u00fcresi devam eder. K\u00fcmeslerde \u0131\u015f\u0131kland\u0131rma g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve elektrikle yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ampuller yerden iki metre yukar\u0131da ve \u00fczeri reflekt\u00f6rl\u00fc olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayd\u0131nlanmay\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in 4 er m aral\u0131kla 40 ar watl\u0131k ampuller kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/q.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" src=\"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/q.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1285\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/q.jpg 600w, https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/q-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<strong>S\u0131cakl\u0131k:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp; Yumurtac\u0131 tavuklar\u0131n en az yem t\u00fcketimiyle en fazla verim verdikleri s\u0131cakl\u0131k aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 15-24 C\u02da dir. S\u0131cakl\u0131k d\u00fc\u015ferse hayvan \u0131s\u0131nmak i\u00e7in daha \u00e7ok yem yer, fakat yumurta verimi d\u00fc\u015fer. S\u0131cakl\u0131k y\u00fckselirse, i\u015ftahs\u0131zl\u0131k artar, yemi az yer, yumurta verimi d\u00fc\u015fer, yumurtalar ince kabuklu ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<strong>Nem ve Havaland\u0131rma:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp; K\u00fcmes s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 18C\u02da &nbsp;iken nem oran\u0131 %60 olur. K\u00fcmeste \u0131s\u0131 y\u00fckselince nem oran\u0131da y\u00fckselir. K\u00fcmese girince burnumuza k\u00f6t\u00fc bir koku geliyorsa, k\u00fcmeste karbondioksit ve amonyak gazlar\u0131 birikmi\u015f, \u0131s\u0131 ve nem artm\u0131\u015f demektir. Bu durumda k\u00fcmesin mutlaka havaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. K\u00fcmeslerde havaland\u0131rma, havaland\u0131rma bacalar\u0131 ve otomatik yada yar\u0131 otomatik fanlarla yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp; K\u00fcmeslerde 1 kg canl\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k i\u00e7in saatte 5-6 m3 temiz havaya ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<strong>Tavuklar\u0131n beslenmesi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp; Yumurtlama d\u00f6nemi iki k\u0131sma ayr\u0131l\u0131r: 19-42 Haftal\u0131k: B\u00fcy\u00fcmenin devam\u0131 ve yumurtan\u0131n geli\u015fmesi olan bu d\u00f6nemde tavuklar en az % 16 proteinli 2650 kcal \/ kg metabolik enerjili yemlerle beslenir. 42-74 Haftal\u0131k : Bu d\u00f6nemin 60. haftaya kadar\u0131 verim, ileriki haftalar olgunluk d\u00f6nemi diye adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde tavuklar %15 proteinli 2650 kcal \/ kg metabolik enerjili yemlerle beslenir. Tavuk\u00e7ulukta en \u00f6nemli masraf\u0131 yem olu\u015fturur. G\u00fcvenilir fabrikalardan yem al\u0131nmal\u0131, yem torbas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde yemin cinsi ve i\u00e7eri\u011fi belirtilmi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130yi bir karma yem avu\u00e7 i\u00e7ine al\u0131n\u0131p kontrol edilirse, nemsiz, ak\u0131c\u0131, k\u00f6t\u00fc kokusuz ve bir \u00f6rnek olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015fletmeye getirilen yemler nemsiz ve havadar bir yere konmal\u0131, y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 1,5- 2 metreyi ge\u00e7meyecek \u015fekilde \u0131zgaralar \u00fczerine istif edilmelidir. Tavuk yeminin %60\u2019\u0131n\u0131 (arpa, bu\u011fday, m\u0131s\u0131r vb.gibi) dane yemler olu\u015fturur. Proteinli besin maddeleri ise (soya k\u00fcspesi, pamuk tohumu k\u00fcspesi, yonca unu, bal\u0131k unu, et-kemik unlar\u0131 vb.) yemin % 30-35 ni olu\u015fturur. Geriye kalan % 5-10 luk k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ise vitamin ve mineral maddeler olu\u015fturur. \u00dclkemiz \u015fartlar\u0131nda bir tavu\u011fun g\u00fcnl\u00fck yem t\u00fcketimi 120-130 gr aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu miktar tavu\u011fun cinsine, yemlik sistemine, yem kalitesine, k\u00fcmesin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6sterir. Ayr\u0131ca Pelet ve Gran\u00fcl yemi ince yeme g\u00f6re daha severek yerler.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/blog_9840409.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" src=\"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/blog_9840409-1024x681.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1317\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/blog_9840409-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/blog_9840409-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/blog_9840409-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/blog_9840409-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/blog_9840409.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<strong>Yem t\u00fcketiminde pratik d\u00fczeltmeler:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Yemin 1 kilosundaki ME de\u011ferindeki her 100 kcal lik art\u0131\u015f veya azal\u0131\u015f, yem t\u00fcketimini 5 g art\u0131r\u0131r veya azalt\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00c7evre s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (21OC) optimalin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde her 10Cde (21-4 CO) yem t\u00fcketimi 1g artar. Optimalin \u00fcst\u00fcnde ise (21-38OC aras\u0131nda) yem t\u00fcketimi 2,5 g azal\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yumurta veriminde %70\u2019ten sonraki her %10\u2019luk art\u0131\u015f veya azal\u0131\u015f, yem t\u00fcketiminde 4 g l\u0131k art\u0131\u015f veya azal\u0131\u015fa yol a\u00e7ar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Canl\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131ktaki her 50 g\u2019l\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fme yem t\u00fcketiminde 1,3 g\u2019l\u0131k art\u0131\u015f veya azal\u0131\u015fa yol a\u00e7ar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Normal yumurtan\u0131n (58 g) a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki, her 2 g l\u0131k art\u0131\u015f veya azal\u0131\u015f, yem t\u00fcketiminde 1 g artma veya azalmaya yol a\u00e7ar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hareket yem t\u00fcketimini art\u0131r\u0131r. Yumurta \u00fcretiminin yerde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda g\u00fcnl\u00fck yem gereksinimi 5 g daha fazla olur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bir tavuk yumurtlama devresi boyunca a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 8 kat\u0131 yumurta \u00fcretir. Canl\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131da 1\/3 oran\u0131nda artar. Bu y\u00fczden yumurtlama devresi boyunca yakla\u015f\u0131k a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 20 kat\u0131 kadar yem t\u00fcketmesi gerekir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yumurta tavuk\u00e7ulu\u011fu pili\u00e7lerde 20.haftadan sonra k\u0131lavuz yumurta g\u00f6r\u00fclmesiyle ba\u015flar. Yumurta verimi 23. haftada %50 ye, 28-30 haftalar aras\u0131nda %90-93 l\u00fck verim seviyesine ula\u015f\u0131r. Bundan sonra yumurta verimi azalarak 72- 80 haftalar aras\u0131nda %60 dolay\u0131na iner ve ekonomikli\u011fini kaybeder. &nbsp;Ticari Yumurta \u00fcretiminde hedef &nbsp;K\u00fcmes sistemleri: &nbsp;&nbsp; Pili\u00e7ler 16. haftada yumurtlama k\u00fcmeslerine nakledilir. Pili\u00e7ler getirilmeden k\u00fcmes ve [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[85,91],"tags":[212,126,210,198,209],"class_list":["post-1387","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hayvan","category-tavuk","tag-genel","tag-tavuk","tag-uretim","tag-yetistiricilik","tag-yumurta"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1387","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1387"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1387\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1388,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1387\/revisions\/1388"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1387"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1387"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1387"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}