{"id":1304,"date":"2024-06-07T11:01:29","date_gmt":"2024-06-07T08:01:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/?p=1304"},"modified":"2024-06-07T11:01:31","modified_gmt":"2024-06-07T08:01:31","slug":"kanatlilarin-sindirim-sistemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/?p=1304","title":{"rendered":"Kanatl\u0131lar\u0131n Sindirim Sistemi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kanatl\u0131lar\u0131n sindirim sistemi di\u011fer hayvanlardan olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Besin madde ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok yem t\u00fcketirler ve y\u00fcksek metabolizmaya sahiptirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanatl\u0131larda sindirim sitemi a\u011f\u0131z, dil, yutak ve yemek borusu (\u00f6zefagus), kursak, mide, ince ve kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar, k\u00f6r ba\u011f\u0131rsak (sekum) ve kloaka olarak s\u0131ralan\u0131r. Bu organlar\u0131 k\u0131saca tan\u0131mlayacak olursak;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.A\u011f\u0131z ve Yutak:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanatl\u0131larda alt ve \u00fcst \u00e7enenin uzayarak boynuzumsu bir yap\u0131 almas\u0131 ile gaga olu\u015fur. B\u00f6ylece d\u00fcz bir zemindeki yemleri kolayl\u0131kla alabilirler. A\u011f\u0131zda di\u015f bulunmaz, bu nedenle yemlerin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclmesi i\u015flemini ba\u015fka organlar \u00fcstlenir. \u00c7ok hareketli bir kemi\u011fe as\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan dil, geriye do\u011fru y\u00f6nelmi\u015f \u00e7ok say\u0131da papilla ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu durum yemlerin yuta\u011fa do\u011fru ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. A\u011f\u0131zda t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fck salg\u0131s\u0131 da yeterince bulunmaz ve sadece yemlerin yutulmas\u0131nda kayganl\u0131k sa\u011flar. Buna ra\u011fmen tavuklarda 24 saatte 7-25 cm\u00b3 t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fck salg\u0131lan\u0131r. T\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fckte bulunan pityalin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmakla beraber ni\u015fastan\u0131n sindirimi \u00fczerine etkilidir. A\u011f\u0131z bo\u015flu\u011fu ve burun aras\u0131nda yer alan yar\u0131k nedeniyle negatif bas\u0131n\u00e7 olu\u015fturulamaz, bu nedenle hayvanlar su i\u00e7erken ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 havaya kald\u0131rmak durumunda kal\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.Yemek Borusu ve Kursak:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ergin bir tavukta 15-20 cm uzunlu\u011funda bir yemek borusu bulunur. Bu organ \u00e7ok ince cidarl\u0131 ve esnek bir yap\u0131da olup kolayl\u0131kla geni\u015fleyip hacmini art\u0131rabilme \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahiptir. Orta k\u0131sm\u0131 geni\u015fleyerek yemlerin depo edildi\u011fi kursa\u011f\u0131 meydana getirir. Yemler kursakta \u0131slat\u0131l\u0131r, t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fckte bulunan a-amilaz enzimi yard\u0131m\u0131 ile \u00e7ok az da olsa bir sindirim s\u00f6z konusudur. Kursak kendisi enzim \u00fcretmez, ancak yemlerle al\u0131nan bitkisel ve ya mikrobiyel kaynakl\u0131 enzimler sindirim \u00fczerine etki yaparlar. Kursaktaki yemler midenin bo\u015falmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yava\u015f yava\u015f mideye g\u00f6nderilirler. Bu ge\u00e7i\u015f, bezli mide bo\u015f ise bekletilmeden olur, aksi takdirde 5-8 saat s\u00fcrebilir. Kuru yemler, tane yemler veya sel\u00fclozca zengin yemler kursakta daha uzun s\u00fcre bekletilirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
Sindirim Sistemi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

3.Mide:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanatl\u0131larda mide, bezli ve kasl\u0131 mide olmak \u00fczere iki k\u0131sma ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bezli Mide:<\/strong> Kimyasal sindirimin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi organd\u0131r. Yemler burada k\u0131sa s\u00fcre kald\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in sindirim olduk\u00e7a s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Mide duvar\u0131nda bulunan bezler hidroklorik asit ve pepsin salg\u0131lar. Proteinler y\u0131k\u0131lmaya burada ba\u015flarlar.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Kasl\u0131 Mide (ta\u015fl\u0131k): Bezli mideye g\u00f6re daha hacimli olan bu organda salg\u0131 yoktur. \u0130ki \u00e7ift k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kaslarla \u00e7evrilidir ve i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyi kal\u0131n boynuzsu epitel ile kaplanm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Ta\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca g\u00f6revi yem partik\u00fcllerini k\u0131rmak ve \u00f6\u011f\u00fctmektir. Bu organda bulunan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ta\u015f par\u00e7alar\u0131 (grit) di\u015f vazifesi g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve kaslar\u0131n da yard\u0131m\u0131yla yemleri daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7alara ay\u0131r\u0131r. Hayvanlar ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131 gritleri ya \u00e7evreden toplarlar ya da yemlerin i\u00e7ine kat\u0131lmas\u0131 ile temin ederler. Ta\u015fl\u0131kta grit bulunmamas\u0131 ve devaml\u0131 \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f yemlerin verilmesi ta\u015fl\u0131k kaslar\u0131n\u0131 zay\u0131flat\u0131r. Memeli hayvanlardaki di\u015flerin yerini ta\u015fl\u0131k alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mide Ta\u015flar\u0131 (grit):<\/strong>Erimeyen \u00e7akmakta\u015f\u0131 ve granit \u00f6nemli grit kaynaklar\u0131d\u0131r. Diyetlere kat\u0131lan mozaik ta\u015flar\u0131 eriyebildikleri i\u00e7in grit olarak verilmesi uygun de\u011fildir. Ancak bunlar iyi bir kalsiyum kayna\u011f\u0131 olmalar\u0131, ucuz ve kolay temin edilebilmeleri nedeniyle \u00e7ok s\u0131k kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Kullan\u0131lan gritin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hayvan\u0131n ya\u015f\u0131 ile ilgilidir. \u0130lk hafta ince, 2-10. Haftalar aras\u0131 orta, daha sonra iri (5 mm b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde) grit kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Grit ilk hafta yemin \u00fczerine serilir. Daha sonra 100 tavu\u011fa 0.5 kg\/ay hesab\u0131 ile ayr\u0131 bir yemlikte verilir. Grit ta\u015fl\u0131kta yeterince k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra sindirim sisteminin ileri b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere giderek v\u00fccuttan at\u0131l\u0131r. Grit yem t\u00fcketiminde % 10-15 azalma sa\u011flar ki bu oran maliyet a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. \u00c7ok ince \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f yemlerin ta\u015fl\u0131kta meydana getirdikleri erozyonlar ve kanama grit verilerek d\u00fczeltilebilir. Yeterli grit al\u0131namamas\u0131 durumunda altl\u0131ktaki t\u00fcy ve benzeri fibr\u00f6z yap\u0131daki maddeler yenir ve ta\u015fl\u0131kta topaklanmalar olur. Bu nedenle tavuklara ilk haftadan itibaren ba\u015flanarak yumurta d\u00f6nemi sonuna kadar mutlaka uygun ebat ve miktarlarda grit verilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar: \u0130nce ba\u011f\u0131rsak<\/strong>: Ta\u015fl\u0131ktan par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f olarak \u00e7\u0131kan yem maddeleri ince ba\u011f\u0131rsakta sindirim ve emilime u\u011frarlar. Burada pankreas, safra ve ince ba\u011f\u0131rsak enzimleri sindirim \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli rol oynarlar. Oniki parmak ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131 (duedonum) Ni\u015fasta, ya\u011f ve protein gibi besinlerin hidrolize edildi\u011fi, sindirildi\u011fi ince ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar\u0131n \u00fcst b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturur. Son \u00fcr\u00fcnler \u00f6zellikle duedonumdan emilir. K\u00f6r ba\u011f\u0131rsak (sekum): Tavuklarda bir \u00e7ift k\u00f6rba\u011f\u0131rsak bulunur. K\u0131smen mikrobiyel sindirim olsa da \u00f6nemli de\u011fildir. Kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak: Tavuklarda yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 cm kadar olan kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak ve kloaka sindirim sisteminin son organ\u0131d\u0131r. Kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsakta mikroorganizmalar sindirilmeyen yemleri dekompoze ederler ve d\u0131\u015fk\u0131 \u015fekillenir. Kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131n sonuna \u00fcreterler de a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r, burada d\u0131\u015fk\u0131 ve idrar toplan\u0131r. Daha sonra d\u0131\u015fk\u0131n\u0131n kuru maddesi art\u0131r\u0131larak d\u0131\u015fk\u0131 v\u00fccudu terk eder.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    KAYNAK: HAYVAN BESLEME VE BESLENME HASTALIKLARI ( PROF. DR. M. AL\u0130 AZMAN )<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    Kanatl\u0131lar\u0131n sindirim sistemi di\u011fer hayvanlardan olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Besin madde ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok yem t\u00fcketirler ve y\u00fcksek metabolizmaya sahiptirler. Kanatl\u0131larda sindirim sitemi a\u011f\u0131z, dil, yutak ve yemek borusu (\u00f6zefagus), kursak, mide, ince ve kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar, k\u00f6r ba\u011f\u0131rsak (sekum) ve kloaka olarak s\u0131ralan\u0131r. Bu organlar\u0131 k\u0131saca tan\u0131mlayacak olursak; 1.A\u011f\u0131z ve Yutak: Kanatl\u0131larda alt ve \u00fcst \u00e7enenin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[174,91],"tags":[241,253,251,249,250],"class_list":["post-1304","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kanatlibes","category-tavuk","tag-kanatli","tag-kursak","tag-mide","tag-sindirim","tag-sistemi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1304","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1304"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1304\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1306,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1304\/revisions\/1306"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1304"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1304"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1304"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}