{"id":1096,"date":"2024-06-05T13:26:25","date_gmt":"2024-06-05T10:26:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/?p=1096"},"modified":"2024-06-05T18:27:01","modified_gmt":"2024-06-05T15:27:01","slug":"koyunlarda-kirkim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/?p=1096","title":{"rendered":"Koyunlarda K\u0131rk\u0131m"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

K\u0131rk\u0131m, koyun \u00fczerinden yapa\u011f\u0131y\u0131 makas veya makine ile kesme i\u015flemidir. Yeti\u015ftirme yap\u0131lan b\u00f6lgenin do\u011fa ko\u015fullar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olmak \u00fczere genellikle ilkbahar sonu ile yaz ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131l\u0131r. K\u0131rk\u0131m zaman\u0131, s\u0131cak b\u00f6lgelerde daha erken ve so\u011fuk b\u00f6lgelerde daha ge\u00e7 tarihte yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’de koyunlar genelde y\u0131lda bir kez k\u0131rk\u0131l\u0131r. Anadolu’nun baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde iki k\u0131rk\u0131m yap\u0131l\u0131r ve ikinci k\u0131rk\u0131m Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131 i\u00e7inde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan buna “g\u00fcz k\u0131rk\u0131m\u0131” denir.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

K\u0131rk\u0131ma ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce k\u0131rk\u0131m yerinin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 gerekir. K\u0131rk\u0131m yeri g\u00f6lgeli, serin, r\u00fczg\u00e2rs\u0131z, temiz, ayd\u0131nl\u0131k ve kuru olmal\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131rk\u0131m yeri taban\u0131 d\u00fcz olmal\u0131, toprak zeminden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tahta d\u00f6\u015feme tercih edilmeli, bunun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullarda branda bezinden yararlan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0131rk\u0131ma \u00f6nce ko\u00e7lardan ba\u015flan\u0131r. Ko\u00e7u s\u0131ras\u0131yla ana\u00e7 koyunlar, \u015fi\u015fek ve toklular izler. K\u0131rk\u0131m\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan koyunlar\u0131n uygulamaya haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu ama\u00e7la koyunlar\u0131n etek k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndaki g\u00fcbreli \u00e7ak\u0131ldaklar\u0131n temizlenmesi ve ak\u015famdan a\u00e7 b\u0131rak\u0131lmalar\u0131 gerekir. A\u00e7 kalan koyunlar k\u0131rk\u0131m esnas\u0131nda pislemez. Koyunlarda k\u0131rk\u0131m makas, makine ve kimyasal olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00f6ntem ile yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
   Makasla k\u0131rk\u0131mda koyunlar yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve ayaklar \u00e7apraz olarak ba\u011flan\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntemde yapa\u011f\u0131 par\u00e7alar halinde makas\u0131n iki b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak kesilir. Makasla k\u0131rk\u0131ma genel olarak s\u0131rttan (kaburga) ba\u015flan\u0131r, \u00f6nce bir taraf daha sonra \u00f6b\u00fcr taraf k\u0131rk\u0131l\u0131r. Makas ile k\u0131rk\u0131lan koyunun v\u00fccudu d\u00fczg\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Yapa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir miktar\u0131 koyun \u00fczerinde kal\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntemde koyun derisi, makine ile k\u0131rk\u0131ma oranla daha fazla kesilmektedir. Ortalama olarak usta bir k\u0131rk\u0131c\u0131, g\u00fcnde 60 koyunu k\u0131rkabilir. B\u00fcy\u00fck s\u00fcr\u00fclerde daha az i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ile fazla say\u0131da hayvan\u0131 belli s\u00fcrede k\u0131rkmak zorunlulu\u011fu oldu\u011fundan k\u0131rk\u0131m makineleri kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. K\u0131rk\u0131m makineleri akaryak\u0131t veya elektrik ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Sabit ve seyyar makineler vard\u0131r. K\u0131rk\u0131m makinesi ile k\u0131rk\u0131m, \u00fcniform k\u0131rk\u0131m sayesinde yapa\u011f\u0131 miktar ve kalitesini art\u0131r\u0131rken, k\u0131rk\u0131m\u0131n k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede bitmesini sa\u011flayarak i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcnden de tasarruf sa\u011flar. Makinenin kesici k\u0131sm\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011fundan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc v\u00fccut girintisi ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na kolayca adapte olabilmekte, derinin kesilme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
   Kimyasal k\u0131rk\u0131m, yapa\u011f\u0131 geli\u015fmesini bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in durduran bir proteinin enjeksiyonla koyunlara verilmesidir. Yapa\u011f\u0131y\u0131 saran bir file koyuna giydirildikten sonra protein deri alt\u0131na enjekte edilir. Koyunda bu sayede deri b\u00fcy\u00fcme fakt\u00f6r\u00fc seviyesi artarken, yapa\u011f\u0131 follik\u00fcllerinin temelini olu\u015fturan h\u00fccre \u00fcretimi azal\u0131r. H\u00fccre \u00fcretimi yava\u015flarken, lif \u00e7ap\u0131 azal\u0131r ve lif incelir. Bu uygulamay\u0131 takip eden 48 saat i\u00e7inde v\u00fccutta metabolize olur ve normal h\u00fccre \u00fcretimi yeniden ba\u015flar. Uygulamadan bir hafta sonra file koyundan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r ve yapa\u011f\u0131da koyundan ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Bu uygulama baz\u0131 \u0131rklarda hi\u00e7 file giydirilmeden uygulamay\u0131 takip eden d\u00f6nemlerde el ile yapa\u011f\u0131 hayvan\u0131n \u00fczerinden al\u0131n\u0131r. K\u0131rk\u0131m esnas\u0131nda yapa\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6mle\u011fi bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmal\u0131, par\u00e7alamadan sak\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131rk\u0131m m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca deriye yak\u0131n yerden yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
   K\u0131rk\u0131m esnas\u0131nda deriyi, meme u\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ve penisi kesmekten ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131rk\u0131m\u0131 biten hayvanlardan derisinde kesik olan hayvanlar\u0131n yaralar\u0131na dezenfektan maddeler uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131rk\u0131lan koyunlar k\u0131rk\u0131lacaklardan ayr\u0131l\u0131p, birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn so\u011fuktan korunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yapa\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6mle\u011fi k\u0131rk\u0131mdan sonra silkelenerek kaba pisliklerinden ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Daha sonra \u0131zgaral\u0131 bir masa \u00fczerine serilerek hem havaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r hem de \u00e7ak\u0131ldak, toz ve topraktan temizlenir son olarak da ba\u011flanarak \u00e7uvallara konur (Resim 6.9). Yapa\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6mlekleri \u00e7uvallara doldurulurken s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
   Renkli, ko\u00e7, koyun, toklu ve kuzu yapa\u011f\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131 \u00e7uvallara koymaya \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilir. Yapa\u011f\u0131lar \u00e7uvallar i\u00e7ine s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya bas\u0131lmamaya \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilmelidir aksi durumda yapa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olumsuz etkilenebilmektedir. \u00c7uvallar nemsiz bir depoda yerden en az 15 cm y\u00fckseklikteki raflarda saklanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yapa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n veya deponun nemli olmas\u0131 durumunda yapa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131\u015farak de\u011ferinin d\u00fc\u015fmesi tehlikesi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
K\u0131rk\u0131m, koyun \u00fczerinden yapa\u011f\u0131y\u0131 makas veya makine ile kesme i\u015flemidir. Yeti\u015ftirme yap\u0131lan b\u00f6lgenin do\u011fa ko\u015fullar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olmak \u00fczere genellikle ilkbahar sonu ile yaz ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131l\u0131r. K\u0131rk\u0131m zaman\u0131, s\u0131cak b\u00f6lgelerde daha erken ve so\u011fuk b\u00f6lgelerde daha ge\u00e7 tarihte yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’de koyunlar genelde y\u0131lda bir kez k\u0131rk\u0131l\u0131r. Anadolu’nun baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde iki k\u0131rk\u0131m yap\u0131l\u0131r ve ikinci k\u0131rk\u0131m […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[85,13],"tags":[159,154,156,158,157],"class_list":["post-1096","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hayvan","category-koyun","tag-kesim","tag-kirkim","tag-tras","tag-yapagi","tag-yun"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1096","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1096"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1096\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1100,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1096\/revisions\/1100"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1096"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1096"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veteriner.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1096"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}